C79.70

Clinical Causes: Primary cancers from other organs such as the lungs, breast, melanoma, or kidney often spread to the adrenal glands. Metastasis occurs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, transporting cancer cells from the primary site to the adrenal glands. Certain genetic factors or personal health history may increase the likelihood of developing secondary cancers, although these are not direct causes of metastasis. Environmental exposures to carcinogens can increase the risk of the primary cancers that may eventually spread to the adrenals.

Key Symptoms: Unexplained weight loss and fatigue Locally, there may be no noticeable symptoms until the tumor enlarges or affects nearby structures. Potential symptoms depending on the primary cancer location, such as cough or chest pain in lung cancer, or breast lump in breast cancer. Symptoms related to hormone imbalance if the adrenal glands are affected, such as high blood pressure, sweating, or hormonal abnormalities, although these are less common in secondary tumors. Pain or discomfort in the abdominal or flank area.

Diagnosis Path: Medical history review, focusing on previous cancer diagnoses. Imaging studies such as CT scans, MRI, or PET scans to identify the presence of tumors in the adrenal glands and other areas. Biopsy procedures to obtain tissue samples for pathological examination, confirming metastasis rather than a primary adrenal tumor. Laboratory tests including hormone assays, although these are not always definitive for secondary tumors.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend largely on the origin of the primary cancer, overall health, and extent of metastasis. Chemotherapy may be used to target cancer cells that have spread. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy might be considered for specific types of primary cancers. Radiation therapy can help reduce symptoms or control tumor growth in the adrenal region. Surgical removal of the adrenal gland may be advised if it is causing symptoms or if the metastasis is limited and accessible. Palliative care focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life.