A51.3

Clinical Causes: Infection with Treponema pallidum bacteria through unprotected sexual contact Transmission can occur via contact with active syphilitic sores during sexual activity Mother to child transmission during pregnancy, leading to congenital syphilis, although less common in this stage

Key Symptoms: Skin rashes, often on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Mucous membrane sores in the mouth, throat, or genital area Flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue Swollen lymph nodes Patchy hair loss Weight loss and muscle aches General malaise and signs of systemic involvement

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Blood tests such as non-treponemal tests (VDRL, RPR) and treponemal tests (FTA-ABS, TPPA) help confirm the presence of syphilis. Skin or mucous membrane lesions may be biopsied for microscopic examination or special stains to visualize bacteria. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent progression to later stages.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically includes antibiotic therapy, with penicillin being the most effective. The specific regimen depends on the patient's individual health status and allergy history. Follow-up blood tests are recommended to monitor treatment efficacy and ensure resolution of the infection. During treatment, sexual activity should be avoided until treatment is completed and the infection is cleared to prevent transmission.