H31.021

Clinical Causes: Prolonged direct viewing of the sun, such as during solar eclipses or sun-gazing practices. Accidental exposure to intense sunlight, especially without eye protection like sunglasses or filters. Use of homemade or inappropriate solar viewing devices that do not filter UV or infrared rays. Occupational or recreational activities involving exposure to bright sunlight without proper eye safety measures.

Key Symptoms: Sudden decrease in visual clarity or sharpness in the affected eye. Fuzzy or distorted central vision, sometimes described as a blind spot (scotoma). Color perception changes, with colors appearing duller or washed out. Possible presence of a small, yellowish lesion in the central retina visible during eye examination. There may be some mild visual discomfort or sensitivity to light, especially initially.

Diagnosis Path: Fundus examination using ophthalmoscopy to visualize retinal changes, such as a yellowish lesion at the macula. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to obtain high-resolution images of retinal layers and assess damage. Fluorescein angiography to evaluate retinal blood flow, if necessary. Visual acuity testing to measure the degree of vision impairment. Amsler grid test to assess for central visual distortions or blind spots.

Treatment Protocols: Observation and regular follow-up to monitor any progression or improvement in retinal health. Protective visual aids, such as tinted glasses, to reduce light sensitivity and protect remaining vision. Use of low vision aids if significant visual impairment persists. Patient education about avoiding further sun exposure without appropriate eye protection. In some cases, researchers are exploring therapies aimed at retinal healing, but current evidence does not support routine medical or surgical intervention.