B70.1

Clinical Causes: Consuming undercooked or raw meat from intermediate hosts like frogs, snakes, or other amphibians and reptiles that harbor sparganum larvae. Drinking contaminated water containing infected copepods (small crustaceans) carrying Spirometra larvae. Applying raw meat, such as frog flesh or snake meat, as a traditional poultice on cuts or affected skin areas, leading to larval entry.

Key Symptoms: Subcutaneous nodules or lumps that may be tender or painless. Localized swelling or inflammation around affected tissues. Eye-related symptoms such as ocular swelling, redness, or vision disturbances if the larvae invade ocular tissues. Muscle discomfort or pain if the larvae migrate into muscle tissue. Rarely, systemic symptoms like fever or malaise if infection is widespread. Presence of crawling sensations or visible movements under the skin in some cases.

Diagnosis Path: Ultrasound or MRI scans to identify cystic or nodular lesions characteristic of sparganosis. Fine needle aspiration or biopsy of the lesion for microscopic identification of sparganum larvae. Serological tests to detect specific antibodies against Spirometra species. History of exposure to raw or undercooked meat or contaminated water sources.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical excision of the larval cysts, especially if localized and accessible, offers definitive treatment. Antiparasitic medications like praziquantel may be prescribed to reduce larval load or in cases where surgery is not feasible. Post-treatment follow-up to monitor for recurrence or residual infection. Managing symptoms and preventing reinfection by avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat and contaminated water.