G00.2

Clinical Causes: Infection with Streptococcus bacteria, typically Streptococcus pneumoniae Spread of bacteria through respiratory droplets from coughs, sneezes, or close contact with infected individuals Bacteria entering the body through the nose or throat and invading the bloodstream Complications from other infections, such as pneumonia or ear infections, which can spread bacteria to the meninges

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of high fever Severe headaches Neck stiffness and pain Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Nausea and vomiting Altered mental status, confusion, or difficulty concentrating Seizures in severe cases Skin rash in some cases, especially with meningococcal strains, though less common in streptococcal cases General weakness and fatigue

Diagnosis Path: A detailed medical history assessment and neurological examination Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained through lumbar puncture to detect bacteria, increased white blood cells, and elevated protein levels Blood tests to identify the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream Imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans to assess brain inflammation and exclude other conditions Laboratory cultures from CSF or blood samples to identify specific bacteria and determine antibiotic susceptibility

Treatment Protocols: Immediate administration of intravenous antibiotics tailored to the bacteria identified Supportive care to manage symptoms, including pain relievers and fever reducers Monitoring and management of increased intracranial pressure if present Rest and hydration to support recovery In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce brain inflammation