R29.0
Tetany
Clinical Classification Guidelines
Inclusion Terms
- Carpopedal spasm
Excludes Type 1
- hysterical tetany (F44.5)
- neonatal tetany (P71.3)
- parathyroid tetany (E20.9)
- post-thyroidectomy tetany (E89.2)
Medical Intelligence & Overview
Tetany is a condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms, often resulting from disturbances in calcium, magnesium, or potassium levels in the body. The ICD-10 code R29.0 refers specifically to this condition, commonly manifesting as carpopedal spasms — involuntary movements involving the hands and feet. Recognizing the signs of tetany and understanding its underlying causes can help in managing this condition effectively. While it can be caused by various factors, the hallmark of tetany is its sudden onset and muscular spasms that can be discomforting or even painful.
Causes & Symptoms
Clinical Causes: Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood) due to conditions such as hypoparathyroidism or vitamin D deficiency Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels), often linked with malnutrition or alcoholism Hypokalemia (low potassium levels), possibly from diuretic use or gastrointestinal losses Respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation, which alters blood calcium levels Renal failure affecting electrolyte balance Postoperative states or trauma impacting the parathyroid glands Certain medications that influence electrolyte levels Nutritional deficiencies
Key Symptoms: Muscle spasms or cramps, particularly in the hands, feet, and face Carpopedal spasm (spasms of the hands and feet, often a hallmark of tetany) Tingling or numbness in the lips, tongue, fingers, or toes Muscle twitching or trembling Trousseau’s sign — spasm of the hand and wrist when blood flow is restricted using a blood pressure cuff Chvostek’s sign — twitching of facial muscles when tapping the facial nerve region Weakness and fatigue Lightheadedness or dizziness in severe cases
Diagnostic & Treatment
Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing tetany involves a combination of physical examination and laboratory tests. Clinicians often look for signs such as Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs. Blood tests are critical to measure electrolyte levels, particularly calcium, magnesium, and potassium. An arterial blood gas analysis may also be performed to assess acid-base balance, especially if respiratory alkalosis is suspected. Additional tests might include imaging or studies of the parathyroid glands if an underlying disorder is suspected.
Treatment Protocols: Administering calcium or magnesium supplements intravenously or orally, depending on severity Addressing the underlying cause, such as vitamin D supplementation for hypocalcemia or treatment of renal issues Stabilizing electrolyte levels through diet adjustments and medication Monitoring blood levels closely during treatment Treating any precipitating factors, such as hyperventilation or medication side effects In emergency situations, rapid correction of electrolyte imbalances is often necessary to prevent complications
Clinical Advice & FAQs
Billing Guidance
Is R29.0 a billable ICD-10 code?
Yes, R29.0 is a specific, billable code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.
Documentation
How do I report R29.0?
Clinical documentation must specify the nature of Tetany and any associated comorbidities for accurate reporting.
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