N44.0

Clinical Causes: Sudden movement or injury to the testicles Anatomical abnormalities, such as a bell-clapper deformity, which allows the testicle to move freely and increase the risk of twisting Rapid growth during adolescence, which can destabilize the testicle Family history or prior episodes of testicular torsion

Key Symptoms: Sudden, intense pain in the scrotum Swelling of the affected testicle Nausea or vomiting Abdominal pain, sometimes radiating from the scrotum Redness or tenderness in the scrotal area Possible high-riding testicle or abnormal horizontal lie Difficulty walking due to discomfort

Diagnosis Path: Doctors evaluate suspected testicular torsion through a physical examination, looking for signs such as swelling, tenderness, and testicular position. To confirm the diagnosis, imaging tests like Doppler ultrasound are often used to assess blood flow to the testicle. A significant reduction or absence of blood flow indicates torsion. In some cases, surgical exploration may be necessary for definitive diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate surgical intervention, typically called orchiopexy, is essential to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow. During surgery, the testicle is untwisted, and the testicle is secured to prevent future episodes. If the testicle has suffered irreversible damage due to prolonged lack of blood flow, removal (orchiectomy) may be necessary. Time is critical; treatment ideally occurs within 6 hours of symptom onset to save the testicle. Post-operative care includes pain management and follow-up to monitor recovery.