A79.0

Clinical Causes: Infection with Bartonella quintana bacteria. Transmission primarily through the bite of infected body lice. Poor hygiene and overcrowded living environments increase risk. Potential contamination from contaminated bedding or clothing infested with lice. Less common transmission routes include scratches or bites from infected lice or other minor skin breaches.

Key Symptoms: Relapsing fever characterized by recurrent episodes of high fever. Severe headaches often accompanied by chills. Muscle aches and fatigue. Tenderness and swelling in lymph nodes, especially around the neck and groin. Skin rash appearing as small, reddish spots. Occasional occurrence of splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). In some cases, patients may experience a mild cough or sore throat. Symptoms can last from days to several weeks, with periods of remission between fevers.

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests to identify Bartonella bacteria through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serology. Repeated blood smears during fever episodes might reveal bacteria. Clinical history focusing on exposure to lice, crowded living conditions, or unsanitary environments. Exclusion of other febrile illnesses with similar symptoms, such as typhoid or malaria.

Treatment Protocols: Doxycycline, usually administered for 2 to 4 weeks. Alternative antibiotics like erythromycin or azithromycin may be prescribed, especially for those allergic to tetracyclines. Symptomatic relief with analgesics for headache and muscle aches. Addressing lice infestations and improving hygiene practices are crucial to prevent reinfection.