E11.51

Clinical Causes: Insulin Resistance: When cells in muscles, fat, and the liver don’t respond well to insulin and can't easily take up glucose from the blood. Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction: Over time, the pancreas produces less insulin or insulin becomes less effective. Genetic Factors: Family history can predispose individuals to develop type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle Factors: Unhealthy diet high in refined sugars and saturated fats. Physical inactivity. Obesity, particularly excess abdominal fat. Age: Risk increases with advancing age. Other conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels can also contribute.

Key Symptoms: Increased thirst and hunger. Frequent urination, especially at night. Unexplained weight loss. Fatigue and weakness. Blurred vision. Slow-healing cuts or sores. Numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation in the extremities. Changes in skin color or texture on the feet and legs.

Diagnosis Path: Fasting Blood Glucose Test: Measures blood sugar after an overnight fast. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Checks blood sugar before and after consuming a sugary drink. Hemoglobin A1c Test: Provides average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

Treatment Protocols: Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight. Medications: Including oral hypoglycemics like metformin, insulin therapy if required, and other drugs to manage blood pressure and cholesterol. Monitoring: Regular blood sugar testing to track levels and adjust treatments accordingly. Foot Care: Daily inspection of feet, proper footwear, and prompt treatment of any injuries to prevent infections. Managing Blood Pressure and Lipids: To reduce additional cardiovascular risks associated with peripheral angiopathy. Regular Medical Follow-up: To monitor for potential complications and adjust treatment plans.