A21.0

Clinical Causes: Handling infected animals, especially rabbits, rodents, and hares Bites from ticks, deer flies, or other insects carrying the bacteria Inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols, especially in occupational settings Contact with contaminated water or soil Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Key Symptoms: A painful skin ulcer at the site of infection Swollen and tender lymph nodes near the ulcer, often in the neck, armpit, or groin Fever and chills Headache and muscle aches Fatigue and malaise Occasional skin redness and swelling around the ulcer

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Blood tests may detect antibodies or bacteria presence, while a culture of the infected tissue or lymph nodes can confirm the diagnosis. Imaging studies are rarely necessary but may be used if complications develop. A thorough history of exposure to potential sources of infection can aid in suspicion of tularemia.

Treatment Protocols: The primary treatment for ulceroglandular tularemia is targeted antibiotic therapy. Common antibiotics include streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin. Duration of treatment generally ranges from 10 to 21 days, depending on the severity of the infection and patient response. Supportive care and wound management are also essential to promote healing and prevent secondary infections.