N36.0

Clinical Causes: Congenital abnormalities present at birth Trauma or injury to the pelvic area or urethra Infections, such as sexually transmitted infections or abscesses Complications from surgical procedures involving the urinary system Radiation therapy to the pelvic region Inflammatory conditions affecting the urinary tract

Key Symptoms: Fistula opening near the urethra Unintentional urine leakage, especially during activities like coughing or sneezing Urine passing through abnormal openings in the perineal area or rectum Discomfort, swelling, or irritation around the affected area Possible recurrent infections or skin irritation around the fistula Difficulty controlling urination

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough physical examination and medical history review. Tests may include urinary tract imaging, such as ultrasound, cystoscopy, or fistulography, to visualize the abnormal connection and determine its location and size. Sometimes, urine tests are conducted to identify infections or other underlying conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Treating a urethral fistula often requires surgical intervention to close the abnormal connection and restore normal urinary flow. Surgical options vary based on the fistula's size and location, and may include local tissue repair or more complex procedures involving tissue grafts. Postoperative care involves infection prevention, maintaining hygiene, and monitoring for any signs of recurrence. In some cases, managing underlying causes like infections is essential before surgery.