B33.2

Clinical Causes: Infection with Coxsackie virus (most common) Other viruses such as adenoviruses, influenza, mumps, and hepatitis viruses Spread of viral infection through respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces Immune response triggered by viral infection leading to inflammation of heart tissue

Key Symptoms: Chest pain or discomfort, often sharp or stabbing Fatigue and general weakness Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, especially during activity or when lying down Irregular heartbeat or palpitations Fever and malaise Swelling in legs, ankles, or abdomen Lightheadedness or dizziness

Diagnosis Path: Medical history review and physical examination Electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect abnormal heart rhythms Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) to visualize inflammation and heart function Blood tests to identify signs of viral infection and inflammation, including viral titers and markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) Cardiac MRI in some cases for detailed imaging Possible endomyocardial biopsy if diagnosis remains uncertain

Treatment Protocols: Rest to reduce strain on the heart Medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs for discomfort and inflammation Medications to control irregular heartbeats if necessary Treatment of underlying viral infection when applicable Monitoring for complications like heart failure, which may require hospitalization Avoiding strenuous activity until clearance from a healthcare provider In severe cases, advanced interventions such as mechanical support or even heart transplantation may be considered