D51.0
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency
Clinical Classification Guidelines
Inclusion Terms
- Addison anemia
- Biermer anemia
- Pernicious (congenital) anemia
- Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency
Medical Intelligence & Overview
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency, also known as pernicious anemia, is a condition where the body cannot absorb enough vitamin B12. This vitamin is essential for producing healthy red blood cells and maintaining nerve function. Without adequate B12, the body produces large, immature red blood cells that cannot carry oxygen efficiently, leading to anemia. The deficiency stems from a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine. This condition can be congenital or acquired and often requires prompt attention to prevent complications.
Causes & Symptoms
Clinical Causes: Autoimmune destruction of the stomach cells producing intrinsic factor Congenital deficiency of intrinsic factor Surgical removal of parts of the stomach or intestine that impair absorption Gastric atrophy or chronic gastritis Certain medications that interfere with B12 absorption
Key Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness Pale or jaundiced skin Shortness of breath and dizziness Symptoms related to nerve damage such as numbness and tingling in hands and feet Difficulty walking or balance problems Sore tongue and mouth
Diagnostic & Treatment
Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low levels of vitamin B12, elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) indicating large red blood cells, and specific antibody tests that detect anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Additionally, schilling test may be used in some cases to evaluate B12 absorption. A bone marrow exam can also support diagnosis if necessary.
Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically includes regular vitamin B12 supplementation, often through injections directly into the muscle, bypassing absorption issues. Oral high-dose B12 supplements may be effective in some cases. Managing underlying causes, such as autoimmune conditions or nutritional deficiencies, is also essential. In cases of gastric surgery or chronic gastritis, ongoing monitoring and treatment may be required.
Clinical Advice & FAQs
Billing Guidance
Is D51.0 a billable ICD-10 code?
Yes, D51.0 is a specific, billable code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.
Documentation
How do I report D51.0?
Clinical documentation must specify the nature of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency and any associated comorbidities for accurate reporting.
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