R06.2

Clinical Causes: Asthma: a condition where airways become inflamed and narrowed. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): lung diseases that cause airflow blockage. Respiratory infections: such as bronchitis or pneumonia that inflame airways. Allergic reactions: allergies causing airway swelling and constriction. Foreign objects: inhalation of objects that block airflow. Heart failure: fluid buildup can lead to airway narrowing. Lung tumors: abnormal growths that block air passages. Certain medications: side effects may include airway constriction.

Key Symptoms: Whistling or squeaking sounds during breathing, especially when exhaling. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. A tight feeling in the chest. Increased mucus production. Wheezing that worsens with activity or at night. Coughing, which may accompany wheezing. Episodes of sudden breathing difficulty.

Diagnosis Path: Spirometry: measuring airflow to evaluate breathing capacity. Chest X-ray: to rule out infections or lung abnormalities. Allergy testing: if allergies are suspected. Pulse oximetry: measuring oxygen levels in the blood. Additional imaging or blood tests may be used as needed.

Treatment Protocols: Bronchodilators: medications that relax airway muscles to improve airflow. Inhaled corticosteroids: reduce airway inflammation in conditions like asthma. Treating underlying infections: antibiotics or antiviral medications if infections are involved. Avoiding allergens or irritants: minimizing exposure to known triggers. Lifestyle modifications: quitting smoking and maintaining good respiratory health. Use of oxygen therapy: if oxygen levels are low. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for immediate management.