K35.2

Clinical Causes: Obstruction of the appendix opening, often due to a fecalith (hardened stool), foreign body, or lymphoid tissue swelling. Bacterial infection that invades the appendix wall following obstruction, causing inflammation. Spread of infection from neighboring abdominal organs or tissues. Rarely, trauma or injury to the abdomen triggering inflammation.

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of abdominal pain, typically starting near the umbilicus and then shifting to the lower right quadrant. Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or deep breathing. Fever and chills indicating systemic infection. Nausea and vomiting. Loss of appetite. Abdominal tenderness and rigidity. Signs of shock in severe cases, such as rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and dizziness.

Diagnosis Path: Complete blood count (CBC) to identify elevated white blood cell counts indicative of infection. Abdominal ultrasound to visualize the appendix and detect fluid collections or signs of perforation. Computed tomography (CT) scan, which offers detailed imaging to identify inflammation, perforation, or generalized peritonitis. Abdominal X-rays may be used to rule out other causes of abdominal pain or detect free air from a perforation.

Treatment Protocols: Emergency appendectomy, usually performed laparoscopically or through open surgery, to remove the inflamed appendix. Broad-spectrum antibiotics administered before and after surgery to combat infection and prevent further spread. Intravenous fluids to stabilize the patient, maintain hydration, and correct electrolyte imbalances. In severe cases with extensive infection or perforation, additional procedures may be necessary to clean the abdominal cavity and drain abscesses. Postoperative care includes monitoring for signs of ongoing infection or complications, pain management, and gradual return to normal activities.