K35.20

Clinical Causes: Obstruction of the appendix lumen due to stool, foreign bodies, or tumors Infection by bacteria or viruses leading to inflammation Lymphoid hyperplasia causing swelling and blockage Foreign bodies or parasites causing irritation Trauma or injury to the abdominal area

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, often starting near the navel and shifting to the lower right abdomen Tenderness in the lower right side of the abdomen Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Elevated body temperature or fever Abdominal distension and tenderness upon touch Generalized signs of illness such as fatigue and malaise Rapid heartbeat and low blood pressure in severe cases

Diagnosis Path: Doctors use a combination of clinical examination, medical history, imaging tests, and laboratory studies to diagnose this condition. Common diagnostic methods include: - Physical examination focusing on abdominal tenderness and rebound tenderness - Blood tests to identify signs of infection or inflammation, such as elevated white blood cell count - Imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans to visualize the appendix and identify the extent of inflammation or peritonitis - Urinalysis to rule out other causes of abdominal pain Early and accurate diagnosis is key to managing this potentially life-threatening condition effectively.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment usually requires urgent surgical intervention to remove the inflamed appendix, known as an appendectomy. Additional treatments include: - Broad-spectrum antibiotics administered before and after surgery to control infection - Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and stabilize blood pressure - Pain management to alleviate discomfort - In cases of widespread peritonitis, supportive care in a hospital setting, and sometimes intensive care, may be necessary Postoperative care includes monitoring for signs of ongoing infection, wound care, and follow-up to ensure complete recovery. Prompt treatment significantly reduces the risk of complications such as sepsis or the spread of infection within the abdominal cavity.