F50.019

Clinical Causes: Genetic predisposition, with family history increasing risk Psychological factors such as perfectionism, high achievement, and low self-esteem Cultural and societal pressures emphasizing thinness and specific beauty standards Traumatic events or stressful life changes, including abuse or significant loss Biochemical factors affecting appetite regulation and mood

Key Symptoms: Significant weight loss and low body weight for age and height An intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even if underweight Distorted perception of body image, seeing oneself as overweight despite being underweight Preoccupation with food, dieting, and calorie counting For restricting type: refusal to eat certain foods or eliminate entire food groups Physical symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, hair thinning or hair loss, dry skin, and menstrual irregularities in females Avoidance of social eating situations Behavioral signs like excessive exercise or use of laxatives and diuretics

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing anorexia nervosa involves a comprehensive clinical evaluation, including physical examinations and psychological assessments. Healthcare professionals consider symptoms, medical history, and patterns of eating behavior. The diagnosis of the restricting type, specifically, is made when weight loss is achieved predominantly through dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise, without recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging. Laboratory tests might be conducted to assess the impact on organ systems and to rule out other medical conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment of anorexia nervosa aims to restore a healthy weight, address the underlying psychological issues, and improve overall functioning. Approaches often include: - Nutritional counseling and monitored meal plans to promote weight gain - Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to modify distorted thoughts and behaviors related to body image and self-worth - Medical management to treat physical complications and monitor health risks - Support groups and family therapy to provide emotional support and education In severe cases, inpatient or outpatient programs might be necessary to ensure safety and provide structured care. Long-term monitoring and follow-up are essential to prevent relapse.