S24.132

Clinical Causes: Trauma such as blunt or penetrating injuries to the thoracic spine Spinal cord infarction (stroke within the spinal cord) Spinal cord tumors compressing the anterior part Severe disc herniation at T2-T6 levels causing anterior compression Infections leading to inflammation and swelling in the spinal cord Vascular disorders impairing blood flow to the anterior spinal artery

Key Symptoms: Loss of motor function below the level of injury, resulting in weakness or paralysis of the legs (paraparesis or paraplegia) Loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury Preservation of vibration, proprioception, and light touch sensation (dorsal column functions) Possible urinary and bowel dysfunction due to disrupted nerve signals Muscle weakness or paralysis often affecting the lower limbs In some cases, spasticity or increased muscle tone may develop over time

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical assessment and imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed visualization of the spinal cord and can identify areas of compression, hemorrhage, or infarction. Neurological examinations assess motor strength, sensation, and reflexes to determine the extent and pattern of deficits. Additional tests like spinal angiography or laboratory investigations might be conducted to identify underlying causes such as vascular issues or infections.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical procedures to decompress the spinal cord if a tumor, herniated disc, or fracture is causing compression Medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling Supportive care including physical therapy and occupational therapy to maximize functional recovery Manage urinary or bowel issues with appropriate interventions Addressing underlying vascular or infectious causes with relevant medications or procedures