S24.144

Clinical Causes: Trauma or injury resulting from accidents, falls, or impacts to the back Spinal tumors or growths pressing on the spinal cord Multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating diseases Spinal cord infections or inflammation Ischemia or reduced blood flow to the spinal cord Congenital abnormalities affecting the spinal cord

Key Symptoms: Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury Ipsilateral weakness or paralysis of muscles (loss of motor function) below the affected segment Ipsilateral loss of proprioception and fine touch sensation Possible muscle stiffness or spasticity on the same side as the injury Variable sensory and motor deficits depending on the severity and extent of the damage

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of Brown-Séquard syndrome involves a detailed neurological examination coupled with imaging studies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred method to visualize the extent of spinal cord damage at T11-T12. Additionally, nerve conduction studies and electromyography (EMG) may support the diagnosis by assessing nerve and muscle function. A comprehensive clinical assessment helps to differentiate this syndrome from other spinal cord disorders or neurological conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment aims to manage symptoms and address the underlying cause of the spinal cord injury. Initial care may include immobilization and stabilization of the spine to prevent further injury. Depending on the cause, options may involve surgical intervention, such as decompression or removal of tumors. Pharmacological treatments, including corticosteroids, may reduce inflammation and swelling. Long-term management may incorporate physical therapy and rehabilitation to optimize mobility and function, along with supportive devices or interventions for sensory deficits.