M00.86

Clinical Causes: Bacterial invasion following skin infections near the knee Spread from other infected sites via the bloodstream (cytogenic spread) Introduction of bacteria through joint injury or procedures such as injections or surgery Exposure to contaminated medical equipment or environment during medical procedures Pre-existing systemic infections that disseminate bacteria to the knee joint

Key Symptoms: Severe pain in the affected knee, often worsening with movement Swelling and warmth around the joint area Redness and tenderness over the knee Limited range of motion due to pain and swelling Fever and chills, especially if the infection is systemic General feeling of fatigue or malaise

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing bacterial arthritis in the knee typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory analysis. Key diagnostic steps include: - **Joint Aspiration:** Removing synovial fluid from the knee joint for microscopic examination and culture to identify the bacteria responsible. - **Blood Tests:** Measuring markers of infection and inflammation, such as ESR and CRP, and blood cultures. - **Imaging Studies:** X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound can reveal joint damage, swelling, or presence of abscesses. - **Clinical Evaluation:** Assessment of symptoms and risk factors deemed consistent with bacterial joint infection.

Treatment Protocols: Management of bacterial arthritis in the knee involves prompt medical intervention to eliminate the infection and preserve joint function. Typical treatment strategies include: - **Antibiotic Therapy:** Tailored to the specific bacteria identified, often administered intravenously initially, then possibly continued orally. - **Joint Drainage:** Repeated aspiration or surgical drainage to remove infected fluid and reduce pressure within the joint. - **Immobilization:** Temporary use of braces or supports to limit movement and reduce pain. - **Surgical Intervention:** In severe cases, surgical cleaning (debridement) or joint removal may be necessary. - **Follow-Up Care:** Monitoring for infection recurrence and managing any joint damage or residual impairment.