A23.9

Clinical Causes: Consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products from infected animals. Handling or visiting infected animals, especially livestock like cattle, goats, or sheep. Inhalation of airborne bacteria in environments where infected animals or contaminated materials are present. Direct contact with infected animal tissues or fluids, such as during farming or slaughtering activities.

Key Symptoms: Fever, often recurring or fluctuating Sweats, particularly at night Fatigue and weakness Muscle and joint pain Loss of appetite and weight loss Headaches Swollen and tender lymph nodes Malaise or general discomfort In some cases, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) or splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)

Diagnosis Path: The diagnosis of brucellosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. Medical professionals may perform blood tests to detect antibodies against Brucella bacteria, such as the Rose Bengal test or ELISA. Blood cultures can also be used to identify the bacteria directly, although this test can take longer. Imaging studies might be required if complications like abscesses develop, especially in the liver or other organs.

Treatment Protocols: Management of brucellosis typically involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria. Treatment regimens often include combinations like doxycycline with rifampin or streptomycin. The duration of therapy can vary from several weeks to months, depending on the severity and extent of the infection. In cases involving complication or relapse, prolonged treatment and monitoring may be necessary. Supportive care, such as rest and hydration, can help alleviate symptoms during recovery.