F06.1

Clinical Causes: Neurological diseases such as epilepsy or infections affecting the brain Metabolic disturbances like hypoxia or electrolyte imbalances Endocrine disorders including thyroid or adrenal gland problems Use or withdrawal from certain medications, especially psychotropic drugs Systemic illnesses such as autoimmune diseases or infections Head trauma or brain injury Substance intoxication or withdrawal

Key Symptoms: Stupor or decreased responsiveness Mutism, with little or no verbal output Posturing or abnormal postures maintained for extended periods Negativism or resistance to instructions or external stimuli Automatic obedience or mimicking movements Atypical movements such as repetitive or purposeless motility Echolalia or echopraxia (mimicking speech or actions)

Diagnosis Path: The diagnosis of catatonic disorder due to known physiological condition involves a comprehensive medical assessment. Healthcare providers review the patient’s physical health history, perform neurological examinations, and conduct appropriate laboratory and imaging tests to identify the underlying medical condition. Observation of motor and behavioral symptoms helps establish the presence of catatonia. Diagnostic criteria also include ruling out other psychiatric causes and establishing a clear link between the physical illness and the catatonic features.

Treatment Protocols: Managing this disorder primarily focuses on treating the underlying physiological condition. Once the root cause is addressed, the catatonic symptoms often improve. Treatment strategies include: