I31.0

Clinical Causes: Previous episodes of acute pericarditis, especially if recurrent or untreated History of cardiac surgery or heart procedures Infections, including tuberculosis or fungal infections Radiation therapy involving the chest area Trauma or injury to the chest Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus Certain medications or drug-related reactions

Key Symptoms: Persistent chest pain, which may worsen with deep breaths or lying down Shortness of breath, particularly during exertion Fatigue and weakness Swelling in the legs or abdomen due to fluid retention Palpitations or irregular heartbeat Dizziness or fainting in severe cases Reduced exercise capacity

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of chronic adhesive pericarditis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests. Doctors may perform several assessments, including: - Physical examination for signs of fluid buildup or abnormal heart sounds - Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) to assess pericardial thickening and heart movement - Cardiac MRI or CT scan to visualize adhesions and pericardial fibrosis - Electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect abnormal heart rhythms - Cardiac catheterization to evaluate heart pressures and confirm constrictive physiology These diagnostic tools help distinguish adhesive pericarditis from other types of pericardial or cardiac conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Management of chronic adhesive pericarditis depends on the severity of symptoms and the degree of heart impairment. Possible treatment options include: - **Medications**: Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and pain; diuretics to manage fluid retention; - **Surgical intervention**: Pericardiectomy, which involves the surgical removal of the thickened or fibrous pericardium, is often recommended for severe cases or when symptoms significantly impair quality of life; - **Supportive care**: Rest and lifestyle modifications to alleviate strain on the heart Close monitoring and ongoing care are essential to prevent progression and manage symptoms effectively.