K76.1

Clinical Causes: Chronic right-sided heart failure or cor pulmonale Valvular heart diseases causing increased pressure in the right heart Pericardial diseases that restrict heart movement Pulmonary hypertension leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation Other cardiac conditions that impair effective blood pumping

Key Symptoms: Swelling in the abdomen (ascites) due to fluid buildup Jaundice, which gives the skin and eyes a yellowish tint Abdominal discomfort or pain Fatigue and weakness Swelling in the legs and ankles Enlarged liver, which may be palpable Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing chronic passive congestion of the liver usually involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can reveal liver enlargement and structural changes. Blood tests might show abnormal liver function, elevated liver enzymes, or signs of heart failure. An echocardiogram is often performed to assess heart function and detect underlying heart conditions contributing to liver congestion. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to evaluate tissue damage and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Management focuses on addressing the underlying heart condition to reduce liver congestion and prevent further liver damage. This may include medicines to improve heart function, reduce fluid buildup, and control blood pressure. Diuretics are commonly prescribed to help decrease fluid retention. Lifestyle modifications such as sodium restriction, elevation of the legs, and regular monitoring are also recommended. In severe cases, surgical interventions or procedures to improve heart function may be considered. Close monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential to manage symptoms and prevent complications.