B66.1

Clinical Causes: Ingestion of infected freshwater fish that contain cysts of Clonorchis sinensis Eating raw, pickled, or undercooked fish from contaminated water sources Contamination of water bodies with the parasite's eggs, which then infect fish Poor food hygiene practices in certain communities

Key Symptoms: Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant Digestive disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, or indigestion Jaundice or yellowing of the skin and eyes in severe cases Dark urine and pale stools Fever and chills if secondary bacterial infections occur Itching and skin rashes in some cases Chronic cholangitis or inflammation of the bile ducts

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of clonorchiasis involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Detecting eggs of Clonorchis sinensis in stool samples is the most common diagnostic approach. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or cholangiography, may reveal bile duct abnormalities. Blood tests may show eosinophilia, an increased number of eosinophils, indicating a parasitic infection. In some cases, serological tests are utilized to support the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment aims to eliminate the parasite and reduce bile duct inflammation. Antiparasitic medications like praziquantel are commonly prescribed, usually in a single dose or a short course. In cases of significant bile duct blockage or secondary infections, additional interventions may be required. Preventive measures include properly cooking freshwater fish and improving sanitation to prevent water contamination. Regular health screenings can help identify infections early, especially in endemic areas.