F14.18

Clinical Causes: Repeated or heavy use of cocaine over a period of time Use of multiple forms of cocaine, such as powder or crack cocaine Frequent or prolonged periods of intoxication leading to dependency Combining cocaine with other substances, which may increase its harmful effects Underlying mental health issues that contribute to misuse and continued use

Key Symptoms: Persistent cravings for cocaine Problems related to mental health, such as anxiety, paranoia, or hallucinations Cardiovascular issues like increased heart rate, chest pain, or high blood pressure Respiratory problems, particularly with crack cocaine use Neurological symptoms, such as headaches, seizures, or strokes Behavioral changes including agitation, paranoia, or aggressive behavior Physical symptoms like dilated pupils, decreased appetite, or fatigue

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical history and physical examination. Healthcare providers may use urine or blood tests to detect cocaine or its metabolites. The clinician will also evaluate for any associated mental health disorders or damage caused by sustained use. Additional assessments might include psychological evaluations to determine the extent of behavioral or psychological symptoms related to cocaine use.

Treatment Protocols: Behavioral therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or contingency management, to address drug use patterns and underlying issues Medication-assisted treatment may be considered to manage cravings and prevent relapse, although no FDA-approved medications specifically target cocaine dependence Support groups and counseling to provide ongoing support and accountability Addressing co-occurring mental health conditions through integrated care Monitoring and managing physical health problems related to cocaine use, including cardiovascular or neurological issues