P35.9

Clinical Causes: Transmission of viruses from mother to fetus during pregnancy (vertical transmission). Mother experiencing an active viral infection during pregnancy. Viral infections acquired during childbirth through contact with infected birth canal secretions. Postnatal transmission from mother to infant via breastfeeding or close contact. Presence of certain viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus, or herpes simplex virus, although not specified in this diagnosis.

Key Symptoms: Signs and symptoms vary depending on the specific virus involved but may include: - Low birth weight or preterm birth. - Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). - Skin rashes or lesions. - Enlarged liver and spleen. - Fever or hypothermia in newborns. - Poor feeding or difficulty swallowing. - Respiratory distress or breathing difficulties. - Neurological issues such as seizures or developmental delays in some cases. - Vision or hearing problems. - General signs of infection such as irritability and lethargy.

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination focusing on signs typical of congenital infections. Serological tests to detect specific or non-specific antibodies in the infant's blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to identify viral DNA or RNA. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI to assess organ involvement or brain damage. Assessment of maternal health history and possible exposure to infectious agents during pregnancy.

Treatment Protocols: Supportive care to manage symptoms like feeding difficulties or respiratory issues. Antiviral medications if a specific virus is identified and treatment is available. Management of complications such as neurological impairment or organ dysfunction. In some cases, immunoglobulin therapy may be considered. Providing developmental support and therapies for affected infants. Preventative measures such as maternal screening and vaccination where applicable.