S90.2

Clinical Causes: Dropping heavy objects on the toe Slamming the toe against hard surfaces Stubbing the toe accidentally Sports injuries involving toe collisions Traumatic incidents during physical activities

Key Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the affected toe Swelling around the toe joint and nail bed Discoloration or bruising of the toe and nail Bleeding under the nail (subungual hematoma) Possible detachment or loosening of the nail Difficulty moving or bearing weight on the toe

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of a toe contusion with nail damage usually involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider. During the exam, the provider will assess the extent of swelling, discoloration, nail condition, and any deformities. In some cases, if bleeding under the nail is severe or if there is concern about fracture or other injuries, imaging tests such as X-rays may be ordered to rule out bone fractures or other internal damage.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment focuses on alleviating pain, preventing infection, and promoting healing. Common approaches include: - R.I.C.E. method: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation to reduce swelling and pain. - Pain relievers such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as recommended. - Protecting the toe from further injury. - Managing the damaged or loose nail, which may involve removing the damaged portion or the entire nail if necessary. - Draining blood accumulation (if significant subungual hematoma) by a healthcare professional to relieve pressure. - Keeping the toe clean and dry to prevent infection. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary, especially if there is a fracture or significant nail damage. Follow-up care might involve monitoring for infection or complications such as nail regrowth issues.