M23.01

Clinical Causes: Degeneration of the meniscal cartilage due to aging Trauma or injury to the knee, such as twisting or direct impact Repetitive stress from activities like running or jumping Meniscal tears that facilitate cyst formation as a secondary process

Key Symptoms: Knee pain, especially during movement or weight bearing Swelling around the knee joint A sensation of catching or locking within the knee Limited range of motion Tenderness along the medial aspect of the knee Feeling of instability or giving way during activity

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of cystic meniscus in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus involves a clinical evaluation and imaging studies. The process typically includes: - Medical history assessment focusing on injury mechanisms and symptom progression - Physical examination to detect swelling, tenderness, and joint stability - Imaging tests such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are crucial for visualizing the cyst, assessing the extent of the meniscal lesion, and differentiating it from other knee conditions The MRI provides detailed images that help confirm the cyst’s location within the anterior horn of the medial meniscus and exclude other intra-articular abnormalities.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options for cystic meniscus in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus depend on the severity of symptoms and the extent of the cyst. Common approaches include: - Conservative management: Rest, ice application, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling - Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles surrounding the knee and improve joint stability - Aspiration: In some cases, the cyst may be drained under imaging guidance, though this is often temporary - Surgical intervention: Arthroscopic surgery is frequently recommended, especially if symptoms persist or worsen. The procedure involves: - Partial meniscectomy to remove the cyst and damaged meniscal tissue - Meniscal repair if the tear is suitable for healing Post-surgery, rehabilitation is essential to restore knee function, strength, and mobility.