M23.001

Clinical Causes: Trauma or injury to the knee, such as twisting or direct impact Degenerative changes related to aging, causing weakening of the meniscus Repeated stress or overuse of the knee joint Previous knee surgeries or joint abnormalities Development of a ganglion cyst that extends into the meniscus

Key Symptoms: Knee pain, especially when twisting or bending Swelling around the knee joint A feeling of stiffness or tightness Limited range of motion Catching or locking sensation within the knee Tenderness along the joint line

Diagnosis Path: The diagnosis of a cystic meniscus involves a thorough clinical examination and medical history assessment. To confirm the presence of a cyst and assess its size and exact location, imaging studies are essential. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred method due to its detailed visualization of soft tissues such as cartilage, menisci, and cysts. X-rays may also be utilized to rule out other conditions, but they are less effective in identifying soft tissue abnormalities. In some cases, arthroscopy—a minimally invasive surgical procedure—may be used for direct visualization and diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options for cystic meniscus depend on the severity of symptoms and the extent of the cyst. Approaches include: - Conservative management: - Rest and activity modification to reduce stress on the knee - Application of ice to decrease swelling - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief - Physical therapy aimed at strengthening surrounding muscles and improving joint stability - Surgical intervention: - Arthroscopic meniscectomy involves removing the cyst and damaged part of the meniscus - Meniscus repair, when feasible, to preserve as much of the natural cartilage as possible - Cyst drainage if the cyst is superficial and accessible Postoperative rehabilitation often includes physical therapy to restore strength and mobility, with an emphasis on gradual return to activity. The prognosis is generally favorable, with many individuals experiencing significant symptom relief following appropriate treatment.