M23.059

Clinical Causes: Trauma or injury to the knee, such as twisting or direct impact Degenerative changes associated with aging Repetitive stress or overuse of the knee joint Previous knee injuries or surgeries that weaken meniscal tissue Developmental anomalies in meniscal tissue

Key Symptoms: Knee pain, especially along the outer or back part of the knee Swelling and tenderness in the affected area A sensation of fullness or pressure in the knee Locking or catching sensation during knee movement Reduced range of motion or difficulty fully straightening or bending the knee Instability or sensation that the knee might give way

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical examination by a healthcare professional, who may observe symptoms and perform specific knee tests. Imaging studies are crucial for confirmation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred method, as it provides detailed images of soft tissues, allowing for clear visualization of meniscal cysts, tears, or degenerative changes. In some cases, X-rays may be used to rule out other joint issues, although they do not show soft tissues like the menisci directly. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, can also be used both to diagnose and treat the condition.

Treatment Protocols: Conservative management with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) Physical therapy aimed at strengthening surrounding muscles and improving knee stability Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation Aspiration of the cyst, sometimes performed under imaging guidance to remove fluid Surgical intervention, such as arthroscopic meniscectomy or meniscal repair, particularly if the cyst causes significant mechanical symptoms or persistent pain Postoperative rehabilitation to restore knee strength and function