M23.212

Clinical Causes: Previous trauma or injury to the knee, such as a tear or hyperflexion injury Degenerative changes due to aging or repetitive stress on the knee Chronic overuse activities like running or jumping Sudden twisting or pivoting movements that place stress on the knee Previous knee surgeries that may weaken the meniscus

Key Symptoms: Knee pain, especially along the inner side of the joint Swelling around the knee joint Limited range of motion or stiffness A sensation of the knee catching or locking during movement Weakness or instability in the affected knee Discomfort when squatting, climbing stairs, or walking

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. Healthcare providers typically perform physical tests to assess joint stability, range of motion, and areas of tenderness. Imaging modalities such as MRI are crucial as they allow detailed visualization of the meniscal structures, identifying tears, displacement, or degenerative changes in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and restore knee function. Options include: - **Conservative Management:** Rest, ice application, and activity modification to reduce stress on the knee. - **Physical Therapy:** Exercises to strengthen the muscles supporting the knee, improve flexibility, and stabilize the joint. - **Medications:** Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and swelling. - **Invasive Procedures:** If symptoms persist or if there are mechanical problems such as locking or catching, surgical intervention like meniscectomy or repair may be considered to remove or mend the damaged cartilage. Post-treatment, a tailored rehabilitation program is typically recommended to regain strength and mobility, and prevent future knee issues.