M23.203

Clinical Causes: Trauma or sudden twisting movements during sports or physical activities Old injuries that have not fully healed, leading to degeneration or tearing over time Repetitive stress or overuse of the knee joint Age-related cartilage wear and tear Previous knee injuries or surgeries that weaken the meniscus

Key Symptoms: Knee pain, especially along the inside of the joint Swelling and stiffness in the knee A sensation of 'catching' or 'locking' when moving the knee Difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee Feeling of instability or giving way during activity Tenderness along the inner part of the knee

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of a physical examination and imaging tests. During a physical exam, a healthcare provider will assess knee stability, swelling, and tenderness, and may perform specific maneuvers to recreate symptoms. Imaging studies such as MRI are the most effective in visualizing soft tissue structures like the meniscus, confirming the presence and extent of tears or derangement. X-rays may also be used to rule out other structural issues, although they do not visualize meniscal tears directly.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the tear or derangement, as well as patient activity level and overall health. Approaches include: - Rest and activity modification to reduce stress on the knee - Ice application to decrease swelling and pain - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief - Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint stability - Knee braces or supports to offload stress from the injured meniscus - In some cases, minimally invasive surgery such as arthroscopic meniscus repair or meniscectomy (removal of damaged tissue) may be recommended Recovery involves a period of rest followed by physical therapy to restore strength and mobility. The goal is to alleviate symptoms and restore normal function to the knee joint.