F68.13

Clinical Causes: Experiences of chronic illness or medical trauma during childhood Underlying need for attention, care, or emotional connection History of neglect or abuse that fosters dependency needs Psychological factors such as low self-esteem or identity issues Difficulty coping with stress or emotional disturbances

Key Symptoms: Falsification of physical symptoms, such as inducing pain or bleeding Fabrication of psychological issues, like hallucinations or delusions Seeking multiple medical evaluations or hospital visits Inconsistencies in medical history or symptoms Reluctance to let healthcare providers examine or treat certain symptoms Presence of physical signs that cannot be explained by medical assessments Behavior that appears purposeful and conscious in the fabrication of symptoms Emotional responses that suggest manipulation or control

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive clinical assessment by mental health professionals, including a detailed medical and psychological history. Healthcare providers look for patterns of symptom fabrication, inconsistency in medical findings, and the patient's motivations. Differential diagnosis considers other mental health disorders, such as somatic symptom disorder or malingering, distinguished by the absence of external incentives in factitious disorder. Collaboration among medical and mental health teams often aids in establishing an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically requires a multidisciplinary approach focused on psychotherapy to address underlying psychological issues. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may help patients recognize and alter their behaviors, while underlying emotional needs are explored and managed. In some cases, family therapy can support recovery. Ensuring ongoing medical and psychiatric care is crucial to monitor progress and prevent further symptom fabrication. Building a trusting doctor-patient relationship is essential in managing this complex disorder.