A98.5

Clinical Causes: Infection with hantaviruses, primarily from contact with infected rodents or their droppings, urine, or saliva. Inhalation of aerosolized particles contaminated with hantavirus from rodent nests or droppings. Travel to or residing in regions where the hantavirus is prevalent, especially if rodent control measures are inadequate. Occupational exposure for individuals working in environments with high rodent populations, such as farms, forests, or construction sites.

Key Symptoms: High fever that begins suddenly. Headache and muscle aches, often severe. Fluctuations in blood pressure, including hypotension (low blood pressure) and hypertension (high blood pressure). Bleeding manifestations, such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or microscopic bleeding within the skin. Abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Blurred vision or light sensitivity due to conjunctival injections. Signs of kidney impairment, including decreased urine output, swelling, and abnormal kidney function tests.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Blood tests can detect specific antibodies to hantavirus or identify viral RNA through PCR testing. Urinalysis may reveal proteinuria or other signs of kidney dysfunction. Healthcare providers often review patient history, especially recent exposure to rodent environments, to support diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: There is no specific antiviral treatment available for HFRS, so management focuses on supportive care. Patients may require hospitalization to monitor vital signs, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and address bleeding or blood pressure issues. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary for kidney failure. Preventative measures, like rodent control and avoiding exposure to potential sources of infection, are crucial in reducing risk. Vaccines against hantavirus exist in some countries but are not widely available worldwide.