O91.03

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infection, often caused by bacteria entering through cracked or damaged skin on the nipple Milk stasis leading to bacterial growth Poor latch or improper positioning during breastfeeding, causing nipple trauma Use of contaminated breastfeeding equipment or improper hygiene practices Previous nipple injuries or cracks that serve as entry points for bacteria

Key Symptoms: Tenderness, pain, or throbbing sensation in the nipple Swelling or redness of the nipple area Presence of pus or abnormal discharge from the nipple Visible abscess or lump within the nipple tissue Flaking or cracked skin on the nipple Fever or general malaise in some cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination of the affected nipple, where healthcare providers look for signs of inflammation, swelling, redness, or abscess formation. In cases where an abscess is suspected, imaging such as ultrasound may be used to confirm. Collecting samples of nipple discharge or pus for laboratory analysis helps identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. Medical history related to breastfeeding practices and nipple injuries is also reviewed to assist in diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Antibiotic therapy to target the specific bacteria identified during diagnosis Proper wound care, including regular cleaning and keeping the nipple dry Continued breastfeeding or milk expression to prevent milk stasis, unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional Pain relief with suitable medications to manage discomfort Addressing underlying causes such as improving latch techniques or ensuring proper hygiene In cases of abscess formation, drainage may be needed, which should be performed by a healthcare professional