O91.2

Clinical Causes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy and lactation that increase blood flow and fluid retention in the breast tissue. Physical trauma or injury to the breast area. Inadequate emptying of the breasts resulting in milk stasis. Breast skin stretching or tight clothing causing irritation. Secondary infections are uncommon but can sometimes contribute to inflammation.

Key Symptoms: Breast tenderness or soreness, especially during milk let-down. Swelling and palpable firmness in the affected breast(s). Warmth in the breast tissue, indicating inflammation. Redness or skin discoloration might be mild or absent. Possible discomfort or pain during breastfeeding or palpation. Absence of fever or systemic signs typically distinguishes nonpurulent mastitis from more severe infections.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and physical examination. Healthcare providers assess symptoms such as breast tenderness, swelling, and inflammation. Imaging studies like ultrasound may be used to rule out abscess formation or other breast abnormalities. Laboratory tests are generally not necessary unless an infection or other complications are suspected.

Treatment Protocols: Management focuses on relieving symptoms and maintaining effective breastfeeding. Common approaches include: - Frequent breast emptying through proper latch and breastfeeding techniques. - Warm compresses to reduce discomfort and promote milk flow. - Gentle breast massage to aid in milk drainage. - Pain relief with suitable over-the-counter medications, if advised by a healthcare professional. - Ensuring good breast hygiene and avoiding tight clothing. - Monitoring for any signs of worsening or development of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or systemic symptoms. In cases where inflammation persists or worsens, further medical evaluation and intervention may be necessary.