S35.413

Clinical Causes: Blunt abdominal trauma from accidents, falls, or sports injuries Penetrating injuries, such as stab or gunshot wounds Surgical injury during procedures involving the kidneys or nearby structures Deceleration injuries caused by high-impact collisions

Key Symptoms: Sudden, severe pain in the flank or abdomen Visible or internal bleeding signs, such as bruising or swelling Blood in the urine (hematuria) Hypotension (low blood pressure) and signs of shock Worsening kidney function symptoms, like decreased urine output

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Typical methods include: - **Ultrasound**: To identify bleeding or fluid collections around the kidney. - **Computed Tomography (CT) scan**: Provides detailed imaging of the kidney and renal vessels, highlighting the laceration or bleeding. - **Angiography**: An invasive procedure that visualizes blood vessels, aiding in diagnosing and planning treatment. - **Laboratory tests**: Blood tests such as complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis to assess blood loss and kidney function.

Treatment Protocols: Management depends on the severity of the injury and the patient's stability. - **Emergency stabilization**: Includes fluid resuscitation and blood transfusions if necessary. - **Conservative treatment**: Mild lacerations without active bleeding may be managed with close monitoring, bed rest, and pain control. - **Interventional procedures**: Angiographic embolization to control bleeding without surgery. - **Surgical intervention**: Severe tears or ongoing bleeding might require surgery such as nephrectomy (removal of part or all of the kidney) or repair of the artery. - **Post-treatment care**: Monitoring kidney function, managing pain, and preventing infections are essential components of recovery.