D05.01

Clinical Causes: Genetic factors that increase breast tissue vulnerability Hormonal influences, especially prolonged exposure to estrogen Family history of breast cancer or other genetic predispositions Environmental factors and lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption or obesity

Key Symptoms: Usually no physical signs or symptoms; often found incidentally during screening Possible detection through routine mammography or breast imaging In rare cases, a lump or thickening may be felt in the breast

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of LCIS often involves a combination of imaging studies and tissue sampling. Typically, mammography is used for screening, which may reveal subtle changes in breast tissue. If suspicious areas are found, a biopsy — such as a core needle biopsy — is performed to examine tissue cells microscopically. Pathological analysis confirms the presence of LCIS and rules out invasive cancer. Additional imaging, like breast MRI, might be recommended for a comprehensive assessment.

Treatment Protocols: Active surveillance with regular mammograms and clinical exams to monitor any changes in breast tissue Hormonal therapy, such as tamoxifen or raloxifene, may be considered to reduce the risk of developing invasive breast cancer Lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, and exercising regularly In some cases, surgical options like removal of the affected tissue might be discussed, especially if there are additional risk factors