C54.1

Clinical Causes: Hormonal factors, such as excess estrogen without progesterone balancing, which can stimulate endometrial growth Obesity, which increases estrogen levels in the body Age, particularly women over the age of 50 Persistent use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy Family history of endometrial or other related cancers Certain genetic syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome Diabetes and hypertension, which are linked to hormonal imbalances Early menarche or late menopause Infertility and not having children

Key Symptoms: Unusual vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause Pelvic pain or pressure Abnormal vaginal discharge Pain during intercourse Weight loss in advanced stages A sensation of fullness in the pelvis

Diagnosis Path: Pelvic examination to assess the uterus and surrounding organs Transvaginal ultrasound to visualize the endometrial lining Endometrial biopsy, often performed in-office, to collect tissue samples for laboratory analysis Dilitation and curettage (D&C) if additional tissue sampling is needed Hysteroscopy, which uses a thin camera to examine the uterine cavity Imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI to assess the extent of disease and potential spread

Treatment Protocols: Surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy), often combined with removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries Lymph node dissection to check for spread Radiation therapy to target cancerous cells Hormone therapy, especially in cases where surgery cannot be performed or cancer recurs Chemotherapy to eliminate remaining cancer cells or treat advanced disease Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are emerging options in specific cases Post-treatment follow-up for early detection of recurrence