O25.2

Clinical Causes: Inadequate dietary intake due to lack of access to nutritious food Morning sickness or severe nausea leading to poor food consumption Chronic illnesses that impair nutrient absorption, such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease Substance abuse, including alcohol or drugs, affecting appetite and nutrition Socioeconomic factors resulting in food insecurity Multiple pregnancies increasing nutritional demands Eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia during pregnancy Nutritional deficiencies prior to pregnancy

Key Symptoms: Unintentional weight loss or difficulty gaining weight during pregnancy Fatigue and weakness Swelling or edema due to protein deficiency Delayed fetal growth or small for gestational age infants Anemia, leading to pallor and shortness of breath Increased risk of preterm birth Signs of nutrient deficiency, such as brittle nails or hair loss Reduced fetal movement in severe cases

Diagnosis Path: Comprehensive medical history review Physical examination focusing on nutritional status Regular monitoring of maternal weight gain Blood tests to detect anemia and deficiency levels of vitamins and minerals Ultrasound scans to assess fetal growth and development Assessment of dietary habits and socioeconomic factors Laboratory tests for infections or chronic illnesses impacting nutrition

Treatment Protocols: Nutritional counseling to develop a balanced diet plan Dietary supplements to address specific deficiencies, such as iron, folic acid, or vitamin D Management of underlying health conditions that impair nutrition Psychological support for eating disorders or substance abuse Monitoring fetal development regularly through ultrasounds Addressing social determinants of health, including access to nutritious food In some cases, hospitalization for nutritional support and close monitoring