D03.72

Clinical Causes: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sun or tanning beds Having many moles or atypical moles Genetic predisposition and family history of skin cancer Exposure to environmental carcinogens History of sunburns, especially during childhood Immunosuppression due to certain medical conditions or medications

Key Symptoms: Appearance of a new pigmented lesion or mole on the skin Changes in the size, shape, or color of an existing mole Uneven borders of the pigmented area Multiple colors within the lesion, such as tan, brown, black, or even hints of blue or red Itching, tenderness, or bleeding in the affected area The lesion’s surface may be scaly or crusted Pigmented spots that enlarge or change rapidly over time

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, focusing on the skin's appearance. If melanoma in situ is suspected, a biopsy is performed, where a small sample of tissue from the lesion is taken and examined microscopically. This confirms the diagnosis and helps determine the extent of the lesion. Imaging tests are usually not necessary unless there is concern about invasive disease, which is rare at this stage. Early diagnosis through routine skin checks can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical excision: The primary treatment involves removing the lesion along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure all abnormal cells are eliminated. Topical medications: In some cases, topical treatments like imiquimod cream may be used, though surgery remains the standard approach. Follow-up surveillance: Regular skin examinations to monitor for new or recurring lesions. Patient education: Guidance on sun protection measures, such as using broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours, to reduce future risk.