B26.2

Clinical Causes: Primary cause is infection with the mumps virus, which spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs, sneezes, or close contact. The virus can invade the central nervous system in some individuals, causing inflammation of the brain tissue. In rare cases, mumps may reactivate or spread to the brain in those with weakened immune systems.

Key Symptoms: Severe headache Fever and chills Neck stiffness and sensitivity to light Altered mental state, including confusion or drowsiness Seizures Nausea and vomiting Weakness or paralysis in some cases Sensory disturbances such as blurred vision or hearing loss

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of mumps encephalitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history review, and laboratory tests. These may include blood tests to detect mumps antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis to identify the virus, and neuroimaging such as MRI or CT scans to assess brain inflammation. A comprehensive assessment helps to distinguish it from other causes of encephalitis and neurological symptoms.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Hospitalization may be necessary for severe cases. Supportive measures include hydration, rest, and medications to manage fever and discomfort. In some cases, antiviral medications may be considered, although their effectiveness against mumps is limited. Close monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential to address any neurological deficits or complications that may arise.