B26.1

Clinical Causes: The primary cause of mumps meningitis is infection with the mumps virus, which is a paramyxovirus. Mumps virus spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs, sneezes, or saliva of an infected person. Less commonly, the virus may spread via contaminated surfaces or objects. Individuals who are unvaccinated or have not been previously exposed to the virus are at higher risk of developing mumps and its complications. The incubation period, from initial infection to onset of symptoms, typically ranges from 16 to 18 days.

Key Symptoms: Severe headache Stiff neck Fever, often high Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Nausea and vomiting General malaise or feeling of fatigue Muscle aches Discomfort or pain when moving the neck In some cases, symptoms of mumps like swollen salivary glands may also be present

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to assess neurological signs and symptoms Laboratory tests including blood work to detect mumps-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to identify the mumps virus genetic material Viral culture may be performed but is less common due to longer processing times Imaging studies like MRI or CT scans are generally not necessary but may be used to rule out other causes of meningitis

Treatment Protocols: Rest and observation to allow the body to fight the infection Hydration with fluids to prevent dehydration Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce fever and relieve headache Monitoring for neurological complications or worsening symptoms In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for close observation and supportive management Preventive measures like vaccination with the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) can help prevent mumps and its complications