P71.2

Clinical Causes: Inherited genetic disorders affecting magnesium transport Premature birth, with immature kidneys affecting mineral balance Maternal magnesium deficiency during pregnancy Placental abnormalities impairing nutrient transfer Certain medications administered during pregnancy or after birth Birth complications leading to impaired renal function

Key Symptoms: Muscle twitching or tremors Poor feeding or vomiting Lethargy or decreased activity levels Seizures in severe cases Irregular heartbeat or abnormal eye movements Muscle weakness or cramping

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of neonatal hypomagnesemia involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. Blood tests measure serum magnesium levels, with values below the normal range indicating deficiency. Additional tests may include kidney function assessments and assessments of other electrolytes to determine underlying causes. Medical history, including maternal health and pregnancy details, are also considered to identify potential contributing factors. Imaging studies are rarely needed but may be used to evaluate associated complications.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment primarily focuses on restoring magnesium levels to normal and managing any underlying causes. Approaches include: - Intravenous magnesium supplementation for rapid correction - Oral magnesium supplements for maintenance therapy - Addressing associated metabolic disturbances - Monitoring magnesium levels regularly during treatment - Supportive care for any neurological or cardiac symptoms - Treating underlying conditions such as infections or renal issues Coordination with neonatology specialists ensures safe and effective management tailored to the infant’s needs.