F17.203

Clinical Causes: Repeated use of tobacco products containing nicotine over an extended period Genetic factors that increase susceptibility to addiction Psychological factors, such as stress or mental health conditions, which may promote continued tobacco use Environmental influences, including social networks and advertising that encourage smoking Nicotine's addictive properties that reinforce continued use and dependence

Key Symptoms: Craving for tobacco or nicotine Restlessness or irritability when not using tobacco Difficulty concentrating without nicotine Increased appetite or weight gain after quitting Anxiety or depression during withdrawal periods Difficulty controlling tobacco use despite knowing health risks Physical symptoms such as sweating, headache, or nausea during withdrawal

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of nicotine dependence with withdrawal is typically made based on clinical assessment, including a thorough history of tobacco use and related symptoms. Healthcare providers may evaluate recent efforts to quit smoking, withdrawal symptoms experienced, and patterns of nicotine consumption. Diagnostic criteria may align with standard psychiatric guidelines for substance dependence, emphasizing the presence of withdrawal symptoms and compulsive use.

Treatment Protocols: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): using patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, or nasal sprays to deliver controlled nicotine doses Prescription medications such as bupropion or varenicline to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings Behavioral counseling and support groups to address psychological dependence and develop coping strategies Lifestyle modifications to avoid triggers and establish a smoke-free environment Educational resources to understand the risks of tobacco use and benefits of quitting