E66.3

Clinical Causes: Poor dietary habits, such as high intake of calorie-dense foods and sugary beverages Sedentary lifestyle with limited physical activity Genetic predisposition influencing metabolism and fat storage Psychological factors such as stress, emotional eating, or depression Certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism or hormonal imbalances Medications that may promote weight gain, including antidepressants or corticosteroids Lack of sleep, which can affect hunger hormones and appetite control Environmental factors that promote easy access to unhealthy foods and limited safe spaces for exercise

Key Symptoms: Noticeable increase in body weight over time Clothing fitting more snugly around the waist, hips, or thighs Reduced physical stamina or fatigue during routine activities Joint discomfort or pain, especially in the knees and hips Breathlessness during physical activity Skin issues, such as rashes or infections in folds of skin Potential emotional or psychological effects like low self-esteem or social discomfort

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of overweight typically involves measuring body mass index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. A BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m² indicates overweight status. Healthcare providers may also assess body composition, waist circumference, and overall health risk factors. In some cases, additional tests might be conducted to rule out underlying medical conditions contributing to weight gain.

Treatment Protocols: Managing overweight involves a multifaceted approach tailored to the individual. Key components include: - Lifestyle modifications such as adopting a balanced, calorie-controlled diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins; - Increasing physical activity to promote caloric expenditure, including activities like walking, cycling, or swimming; - Behavioral strategies to promote healthy eating habits, such as mindful eating and portion control; - Psychological support or counseling to address emotional eating or underlying issues; - Medical interventions or medications when lifestyle changes alone are insufficient, - Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers to track progress and make adjustments. In some cases, healthcare professionals may discuss surgical options, such as bariatric procedures, particularly if overweight is associated with significant health risks or complications.