A20.9

Clinical Causes: Bite from infected fleas, which are carriers of Yersinia pestis Close contact with animals infected with plague, such as rodents and domestic animals Handling or exposure to tissues or fluids of infected animals or humans during outbreaks

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of fever and chills Swollen and painful lymph nodes, often called buboes Headache and body aches Weakness and fatigue Symptoms of pneumonia if the disease affects the lungs, including cough and difficulty breathing Skin ulcers or blackened areas in cases of septicemic plague

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests, such as blood cultures, lymph node aspirates, or sputum analysis, to detect Yersinia pestis. Imaging studies may be used if pneumonia or septicemic forms are suspected. A detailed patient history including exposure to infected animals or areas with known outbreaks is essential.

Treatment Protocols: Effective treatment usually involves the administration of antibiotics like streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to reduce the risk of severe complications or death. Supportive care may include fluids, oxygen therapy, and management of symptoms.