A20.7

Clinical Causes: Primarily caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis Transmission often occurs through the bite of infected fleas In some cases, infection can result from contact with bodily fluids or tissues of infected animals Handling or exposure to infected animals, especially rodents and their fleas, increases risk Rarely, the bacteria can spread through respiratory droplets from an infected person or animal

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Weakness and fatigue Vomiting and nausea Abdominal pain Rapid development of circulatory collapse Signs of sepsis such as low blood pressure and rapid heartbeat Blob-like areas of infection (ecchymoses) that may turn dark due to tissue death Presence of blackened skin in advanced cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Blood cultures can identify Yersinia pestis bacteria. Additional tests may include PCR tests to detect bacterial DNA and serology to identify specific antibodies. Medical professionals also review patient history, particularly recent exposure to known infected animals or fleas, to support diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment requires urgent administration of specific antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline. Supportive care in a hospital setting may include fluids, oxygen therapy, and management of shock. Early treatment is crucial to increase chances of recovery and reduce the risk of complications. Isolation precautions may be recommended to prevent spread, especially in healthcare settings.