M00.161

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Spread from other sites of infection such as the bloodstream, lungs, or nearby tissues. Entry of bacteria through an injury or wound near the knee. Immunocompromised states that make the individual more susceptible to infections. Pre-existing joint conditions that might facilitate bacterial invasion.

Key Symptoms: Severe pain in the right knee, particularly with movement or touch. Swelling and warmth around the knee joint. Redness visible over the affected joint. Limited range of motion due to pain and swelling. Fever and chills, often indicating systemic infection. Feeling of stiffness in the knee joint. Possible pus or fluid buildup if the infection progresses.

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to assess swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Blood tests to detect signs of infection and inflammation. Joint fluid analysis, where fluid is aspirated from the knee for microscopic examination and cultures to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI to evaluate the extent of joint damage and rule out other causes. Microbiological testing to confirm the bacterial species involved.

Treatment Protocols: Antibiotic therapy targeted against Streptococcus pneumoniae, administered intravenously or orally depending on severity. Joint drainage or aspiration to remove infected fluid and reduce pressure and pain. Rest and elevation of the affected limb to minimize swelling. Pain management with medications such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). In severe cases, surgical intervention such as joint debridement or washout might be necessary. Supportive therapies like physical therapy to restore joint function after infection control. Monitoring for potential complications and ensuring complete resolution of the infection.